Focus On The Learner

Gabby has approximately six years of formal education, where he learnt most of the English he uses to communicate with; and a further two weeks of lessons he received whilst at a BBC centre. Gabby currently has no formal work experience; however, he is knowledgeable in the field of electrical engineering and has had some informal experience in this sector. He is highly motivated to learn the English language and his primary goal for this is that so he may one day attend University; perhaps to further his appreciation and love for music or to continue and learn more in the field of electrical engineering.This goal motivates Gabby and is highly evident in the way he endeavourers to be an astute student. Learning Styles and Preferences Whilst observing Gabby in the classroom and through speaking to him one-on- one it is apparent that his preferred style of learning is more centered on visual/spatial and kinesthesia modes of receipt. His completion of the sensory styles quiz compounds th ese assumptions and show that Gabby is able to receive and process information more efficiently if it is visually presented to him either by flashcards, pictures or realize.During classroom observation it was evident that Gabby is highly interpersonal; during pair-work activities he discussed the task enthusiastically with his partner and also listened attentively to their views. When nominated to answer a question Gabby would usually answer correctly, this shows his understanding of and propensity for communicative language. Gabby excels in group based activities and prefers these to individual tasks where he must work alone. The survey also reflected Gabby more developed kinesthesia sensory style, in the classroom he would be observed taking part in physical activities very enthusiastically.He enjoys movement and exercise, and learns better in this way; he also mentioned his love for the game of football which he played regularly in the DRP. Linguistic Ability – Strengths G affs command of spoken English language is average, he often pauses to think of a word and his pronunciation and grammar are weak at times, however, given the time frame that Gabby has been actually speaking the language it is quite impressive. He is more than able to express his opinion or needs within the classroom environment.Gabby is quite able to read a graded ice of text, although he may take some time and get blocked on certain unfamiliar words, he has shown the ability to perform gist reading tasks quite capably. He also admitted his preference for reading romance novels which he uses to enhance his reading skills. The strength in Cabby's writing skill is shown in his remarkably accurate spelling. Although he makes some grammatical errors his writing is generally legible and comprehensible. His formation of written words is sensible and corresponds to their respective phonemic sounds.Although listening is not one of Cabby's strengths he is tie able to understand English spea kers or instructions that are given to him verbally, both the meaning and context Of what he is required to do are clear to him. Gabby performs well in gist listening based tasks. Gabby vocabulary is quite extended, he has the ability to learn new words rapidly and use them in the correct context. He often pauses when speaking, to think of a word, but he eventually remembers it and uses it correctly. His level of functional vocabulary will enable him to navigate most everyday situations with ease.At times Gabby does make some grammatical mistakes but he often endeavors to correct himself. He is aware of most basic grammatical rules, for example, ‘y' changing to ‘ices' for certain countable nouns. He can often be observed writing down new grammatical rules and examples during lessons, thus showing his keenness to improve in this area. Cabby's pronunciation of most words is clear and understandable, for new vocabulary he often responds well to drilling and repeats the word until he feels it is correct.He works very hard to improve his pronunciation and can be observed self- correcting at times. Linguistic Ability -? Weaknesses Completed table attached. Activities: Skill – Listening for specific information (â€Å"New Cutting Edge Elementary Students' Book† – pig. 10) This task requires the student to work on his own, as individual work is something Gabby struggles with, this activity will be challenging and requires him to work on his own and strengthen his ability to listen for specific information.The teacher Will hand out copies of the ‘General Knowledge Quiz' and ask the learner to look through the questions and answer as many as he can. This is a Test-Teach-Test based adaptation that will allow the student to error correct himself after listening o the audio. The teacher then plays the recording and asks the student to listen out for the various pieces of information that are required to answer the questions. After hea ring and answering the student can compare and correct his errors, thereby â€Å"learning from his mistakes†.Gabby is an Elementary level learner and this activity is graded as such. Although it does not tie in with his personal interest in music it is general knowledge and touches on various areas that Gabby may be interested in (brands, currency, Jennifer Lopez etc. ). Activities: System – Grammar – Present Simple (â€Å"New Cutting Edge Elementary Workbook – pig. 22/23). The various activities over the two pages deal with grammar related activities, specifically with the present simple.This is an area Gabby has some difficulty with, and he often confuses tenses which leads to grammatical errors. The activities consist of a mixture of gap fill and answering activities that will improve fluency in present simple. The teacher will hand out copies of the activities and ask the learner to work individually. A high level of monitoring and prompting with the aid of examples will be necessary as Gabby is an Elementary level learner. Focus on the Learner French student from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the intermediate class. Sidekick was born in Albumin's. He got his Matrix in 2008 and attended university for 2 years before and he's learning English so that he can continue his studies in South Africa. â€Å"The reason I'm learning English is that I am a French speaker and I wand to study in a English country,† he writes. Learner style: Sidekick response positively towards practical sessions.During an interview with Sidekick, he also reinforced this statement by saying that he prefers doing something and/or seeing something rather than just listening. This would suggest that he is mostly kinetic and visual with an emphasis on kinetic. These examples can be seen when asked to physically apply what he's learned. Learners four skills: Observing Sidekick, I've noticed that he struggles a little in each form, but that his weakest area is reading. He also struggles with speaking and writing, but both are connected in the sense that he translates directly from French.In English this would change something that he series Into a thin, straight, hand-held stick. There's also certain problems that occur with tenses, as I will mention In language systems. Sidekick also makes use of a speaking rhythm that is unnatural in English. In English phonetics and phonology: a practical course By Peter Roach, Rough explains that there's a difference between the rhythm of English and French. French makes use of a syllable timed rhythm and that all syllables whether stressed or unstressed occur at regular intervals.Listening: Sidekick follows natural speech rather easily. Reading: The main concern I've found is that while Sidekick can continue with listening,writing and speaking with mistakes, he stops when encounters a word that he is unfamiliar with. Writing: Along with his speaking the problem is tense usage. Other problems are spelling mistakes. He'll write words exactly as they sound. Language systems: After view ing 3 letters that I received from Sidekick, I observed several common mistakes. Continuous and simple forms: † My hobbles are: Sports, go to the cinema, Ana listening music. He would use â€Å"go to' (Instead AT going to) Ana â€Å"listening sic† (instead of listening to music. ) It shows logic in the forms that he use, but that there's some confusion of when to use continuous and simple tenses. Pronunciation: As mentioned before, Sidekick often replaces the It/ sound with the [d/ sound. Areas where the student needs help: So far Sidekick's greatest problems stem from the use of future tenses and question tenses. For questions he will at times confuse the subject and verb e. G. Muff are Tom? † and â€Å"Are you Tom? The emphasis on his words imply different meanings as we've learned during class. The former acknowledging that the speaker is vaguely familiar with the person and the latter purely asking. After reviewing his letters, I've decided that it's not Jus t his future tense that is the problem, but that he still struggles with most tenses. The activities I've selected and why: For the skill I've focused on reading. Continuous reading will help Sidekick see how to language is used, and if he stops reading Just because of one word, then he'll never progress any further.At the same time, the activity I've chosen for his reading, also applies to the other language area he requires help in: Vocabulary. The activity isn't focused on his learning style, but what he needs help in. It's been downloaded from www. Insidious. Net and has several tasks which will help him to improve. The gap fill will allow him to look at the entire sentence and then get him the gist of words. There is also a task which will improve his spelling and use of parts of speech, another area that he struggles with. For the language area, I've chosen tenses in general.Sidekick has claimed that it's only the future tense that confuses him, but Judging by his written work , there's also other tenses that he needs help on. The activity is Snakes and Ladders – Tenses from Cutting Edge: Upper Intermediate students' book by Sarah Cunningham and Peter Moor. The questions were all changed to apply to his level and weaknesses. This game focuses on his kinetic and visual needs, helping him learn in a particle and fun setting. References: www. London-translations. Co. UK www. Insidious. Net Moor. English phonetics and phonology: a practical course By Peter Roach Class notes

Jawahar Lal Chaudhry

Sunita Jawahar  Lal Chaudhry&Associates are in practice since 1998.the firm was started by CA Sunita Juneja and her father Mr. Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who is an advocate of income tax department. At first they started their office in their house but now they have their main office in Krishna market, rajpura.CA Sunita Juneja is in practice since 1998.she joined her father Mr. Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who was an advocate and now these both are running the firm fomore than 18 years. As we know that Partners are the founders of the firms and the name are associated to them only they are the main parties who issues or signs any report and all the inquiry is made by them in our firm. In our firm Mrs Sunita Juneja and Mr. Jawaharlal Chaudhary are the two partners who started the firm. The firm represents the combination of specialized skills, which offers sound financial advice and proper services. They have the good customer relation and all the work is been completed by them on time. There is proper management for handling of the work and proper managing because of which no confusion is being created. There is proper infrastructure and various departments for proper handling of the work. Both the partners of the firm have the good experience and as a result there is goodwill of them in the market. All the work carried here is according to the rules and regulations which are passed by the government .They audit various good firms in Rajpura .Some of them are alcon cables, aneja plywood etc. 1.2 About the projectStudy of internal auditing as a tool for companies performance was completely a new project idea which I got through the Chitkara University. As we all know auditing is the most important part of the company as it maintains the system of the internal control to attain the objectives and moreover for the smooth running of the company auditing is necessary.Internal audit is a consultant activity which designs to add some value in the organization. Basically internal auditing is the integral part in the companies. They provide various services to the companies like prevention of the fraud. As we all know that many frauds are taking place for example like misuse of company credit cards etc. So internal auditing keeps the check on the financial resources so that there is no misuse of the company resources.It is also helps to monitor the internal controls by designing the proper credit policy so that there is no bad debt. Internal audit also consists of the operational audit which means that to look that whether the organization is operating at maximum efficiency or not For the proper working of the organization and for the sound financial system there should be proper check on the organization which can be done through internal auditing. 2.2) Report on internship 2.1) About the firm I did my internship under chartered accountant Sunita Jawaharlal Chaudhary and associates in rajpura.All of my fellow worker were cooperative and were ready to help each other. There was proper management structure. The infrastructure of the firm was also quite good. There was proper working of computers and equipments were used according to the latest technology. By working under the chartered accountant firm not only gives us additional knowledge but also helped me to apply my academic knowledge into the practical world. It is one of the reputed firm in the rajpura and also audit good firms in rajpura.

Evaluation on buying organic food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation on buying organic food - Essay Example Psychosomatic study has shaped a large number of theories associated with the difficulties encountered in organic food purchase decision making process. These studies have revealed that consumers’ purchase decisions in a definite environment and at a specified time are determined by a combination of mental and relative factors as well as their connections (Klockner 40-56).Moreover, the following phases will be conferred: In what way do ethics, principles, attitudes and fears for both the health and environment influences the consumption of organic food, does availability, visibility, and prices awareness contribute, the role played by trust, environmental and health psychological simulations contribution towards organic food purchase and lastly, the impact of labels on organic food on decision making influence Consumers are always placed at the bottom of production chain. However, they play a chief role in in the establishment and development of the organic food market. In ess ence, the ultimate purchase in a supply chain, health food entity or on a grocery market by a consumer creates the demand that eventually sustains organic production sector. In addition, the act of purchasing food is not as easy as it seems since it requires keen attention by the consumer for the ingredients among other nutrients details. Further, the purchasing process can be split into a sequence of linked decisions by the consumer. For instance the consumer will start with allocating time for his/her shopping, then they will choose the place where they will go for their shopping for example, a local supermarket, hypermarket, grocery shop, etc. Accordingly, the consumer will make his/her budget, and the category of products they would like to purchase. This is the most important stage that a consumer of organic food faces. Further, this stage is consequential because within each food classification the consumer must have a specific product they are willing to purchase. The importa nce of the mentioned stages affects the end product of purchase. For instance, when a decision to shop in a supermarket instead of a grocery store is made, both places will have different varieties of produces. Consequently, the different variety impacts the foodstuffs that are taken into thought. In addition, when the food shopping is done under time constraints, it will clearly have an effect on the purchase choice because the time invested to make decisions is dramatically reduced ( Reed 87-100). It is important to evaluate the explanation of motive in influencing the purchase of organic food. Generally, there must be a motivation that triggers individuals to prefer organic food over conventional food when making a decision. Consequently, there are three main motives to buying organic food namely; Values, Attitudes, and Concerns. These three motives are psychological and the purchaser keenly regards them. The consumer will be purchasing organic food with a motive of enriching the ir health and on the other hand protect the environment and the animal welfare which is a value that most organic food consumers hold. Consequently as has been mentioned earlier, health concerns are a chief influence to the purchase of  organic food.  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Kosovo is Albania Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kosovo is Albania - Thesis Example Kosovo was the core of Yugoslavia and southern region of Serbia. It is true that being an independent country, people of different ethnic groups used to live in Kosovo. According to several criticisms of the historians, it can be stated that the largest ethnic group in Kosovo that are generally identified are the Albanians. There is huge controversy among the historians regarding the ethnic identity of Kosovo. This particular essay will discuss in favor of following thesis statement. Before going into the controversial debate, it is highly important for the readers to determine and understand the history. â€Å"Albanians can be considered as the largest ethnic group in Kosovo†. This particular community can be called as Kosovan or Kosovo Albanians or Kosovar. According to the Yugoslav census in the 1991, there were more than 80 percent Albanians used to live in Kosovo. However, this particular census had been boycotted by the Albanians due to several reasons. â€Å"It has been mentioned earlier that Kosovo got independence in the year 2008†. Since medieval period several Albanians used to live in Kosovo. It is true that, slowly and gradually several Albanians started to shift in Kosovo way before First World War. â€Å"In addition to this, when the Serbs used to expel major number of Albanians, then these Albanians started to settle in Kosovo during the year 1878† (Vickers, 2001). Moreover, these Albanians were recognized as the muhaxher. In addition to this, in the year 1912 during the war of Balkans in this First World War era, maximum of the Eastern Kosovo part was captured by the strong Kingdom of Serbia. â€Å"On the other hand, western part of the Kosovo was captured by the strong Kingdom of Montenegro† (Clark, 2000). However, as a result the Colonist Serb families started to move into Kosovo. Therefore, the percentage of Albanian population used to decrease significantly in Kosovo. â€Å"More than 10 percent

The role of the IMF (international monetary fund) in helping poor and Case Study

The role of the IMF (international monetary fund) in helping poor and debt-troubled countries - Case Study Example tated that the IMF was created for the following purposes: to promote the global monetary and the exchange stability, facilitate the expansion and a balanced growth of international trade and helping in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments for current transactions. This paper is going to discuss why the IMF have to help out poor and dept troubled nations, conditions that borrowing countries need to meet to be eligible for the loans and the ethical foundations the IMF use to help out nations that are already in dept. The paper will further discuss if the loans harm or help in the development of poor countries and debt troubled nations and if the IMF and their policy makers have undisclosed purposes to pursue certain policy objectives. Carin and Wood (2005) stated that the IMF plays a major role in the global monetary system, which involves lending funds to countries having problems to pay off their debts, providing fund surveys, and monitoring the financial and economic developments in member countries. The IMF provides training and technical assistance for countries that request it hence enabling the poor and debt-troubled nations to alleviate problems of poverty and provide the citizens with their basic needs. Gould (2006) stated that the IMF helps the poor and debt troubled nations to handle balance of payments difficulties, ensure stable economies and restoration of economic growth in the various countries. The IMF programs help in unlocking financial opportunities for the poor countries because the program serves as a signal that countries have adopted reinforcing policy credibility and sound policies that increases the investor’s confidence. The countries eligible for borrowing loans from the IMF need to be members of the organization. Boughton (2001) stated that member countries could request for assistance if it has a balance of potential or actual payments need. This is when the country cannot find enough finances on affordable terms

Chicano study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Chicano study - Essay Example When there is denial of these civil rights, or if the civil rights are being interfered with just because that particular person belongs to a certain class or group, discrimination occurs. There have been several Jurisdictions which have enacted statutes in order to prevent any form of discrimination basing of a person’s sex, race, age, and religion, previous condition of servitude, national origin, and physical limitation and also depending with the sexual orientation. Civil rights have great impacts to the normal living of persons who have been discriminated. For instance, civil rights have been used in describing the advancement of peoples’ quality regardless of their sex, race, disability, age, religion, national origin, or many other characteristics. However, through the enactment of the Fourteenth and the Thirteenth amendment in the United States Constitution, there has been an expansion of these civil rights where there is an abolishment of slavery in the U.S. This has helped many individual to be free from discrimination. Due to the civil rights, there have been less cases involving discrimination in courts. This means that those who were involved in discrimination issues have feared the consequences that they might face thereafter. There are several challenges that the Chicana women face during their activities in reducing discrimination in the country. Some of the Chicana feminist reviewed the movement as a colonial imposition. This meant that the women’s’ movement acted as an obstacle to the authentic Chicano cultural assertion. They were also referred to as â€Å"sell-outs†. More so, they also faced physical molestation. These are just some of the sever backlash that they faced. The other set back that they faced was the claims that the Chicana feminists had. The feminists claimed that Chicana women were the true hindrance to the Chicana liberation. The Chicana feminists claimed that they were not the

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation Term Paper

Climate Change and Management and Mitigation - Term Paper Example In the contemporary environment of fast advancing technology and rapid globalization, climate change has become a major concern for the environmentalists. The various drivers of climate greatly contribute towards sustenance of life and determine characteristics and distribution of ‘natural and managed system including the cryosphere, hydrology and water resources, marine and freshwater biological systems, terrestrial biological systems, agriculture, and forestry’(Parmesan and Yohe, 2003; Thomas et al., 2004). The managed system can broadly be defined as systems that have considerable human input like agriculture, health etc. Hence, the interdependence of the systems becomes an important factor for the wider implications of climate change. The rapid advancement of technology has brought about a massive change in our lifestyle which has not always been in our best interest. Some of the ways and means, which have contributed to our better living conditions, have also brought certain challenges in its wake that needs our urgent attention. The limited natural resources like water, land and fresh air are being taken for granted with scarce regard for the future legacy that our children are going to inherit from us.   The history has been witness to gradual and abrupt climate change through the millions of years which has been responsible for the extinction of living organisms, including plants, animals and human life. The changes in the physical geography of the earth have also been contributed to the abrupt changes in the earth’s climate caused due to some known and unknown factors. The Eastern Island Civilization and Maya civilization ar e prime examples of climate change caused primarily due to the widespread ramification of a highly developed society and urbanization.  

Solvent and Polarity Effects in Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report

Solvent and Polarity Effects in Thin Layer Chromatography - Lab Report Example The adsorption chromatography is the most common type of TLC that analysts use in the labs to carry out their experiments from the many types of TLCs that exist (Snyder 57). Solvents with low volatility and with low viscosities are mostly used in the TLC experiment. Some of the commonly used solvents in the TLC process include hexane, ethanol, pentane, hydrocarbon mixture, acetone, ethyl acetate and diethyl ether because they are much cheaper and due to the fact that they are non-toxic. The distance that a compound travels on the silicon plate will depend largely on the compound’s affinity for the absorption material (Silicon plate) in comparison with the eluent (the solvent in use). This experiment determines the effect of polarity on elution as well as determines the TLC of an unknown organic compound. 120 mL jars, filter papers, hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, measuring cylinder, silica gel, TLC plates, lead pencils, trans-stilbene, 9-flourenone, benzoic acid, methylyene chloride, spotter and Iodine. 5. In a separate set up, dissolve in a test tube 2 mg of benzoic acid, 9-fluorenone and trans-stilbene in 10 drops of methylene chloride. Label each test tube. Record the observations in each test tube. 6. Use a spotter to apply a little amount of trans-stilbene at the first point on the first line on one plate very briefly using a spotter. Here, the solution should move by capillary action. Similarly, apply some amount of benzoic acid and 9-fluorenone on the second and the third line respectively. Look at the spots under ultraviolet light to see clearly. NB: It is important to protect one’s eyes using a protective device like a goggle to avoid eye contamination from the dangerous ultraviolet rays. Add some little solvent in each line of the plate again if the lines are not clearly visible. Record

Silent and Shadow Reports for BHP Billiton Essay

Silent and Shadow Reports for BHP Billiton - Essay Example Used as models are the silent and shadow accounts from Tesco and HSBC, written by the aforementioned authors, and available at http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~csearweb/aptopractice/silentacc.html The same style and format are adapted and applied to BHP Billiton, as follows. Silent Report Mission and Policy Statements We are the world’s largest diversified natural resources company. Our corporate objective is to create long-term shareholder value through the discovery, acquisition, development and marketing of natural resources. We pursue this through our consistent strategy of owning and operating large, long-life, low-cost, expandable, upstream assets diversified by commodity, geography and market. This strategy means more predictable business performance over time which, in turn, underpins the creation of value for our shareholders, customers, employees and, importantly, the communities in which we operate. We are among the world’s top producers of major commodities, inc luding aluminium, energy coal, metallurgical coal, copper, manganese, iron ore, uranium, nickel, silver and titanium minerals, and have substantial interests in oil and gas. We continue to invest in the future. Corporate Governance Statement The objective of BHP Billiton is to create long term value for shareholders through the discovery, development and conversion of natural resources, and the provision of innovative customer and market-focused solutions (Corporate Objective). The role of the BHP Billiton Board is to represent the shareholders and to promote and protect the interests of the Company. It does so by governing the Group. The Board has developed processes relating to: A. its own tasks and activities (Board Membership and Process) B. the matters specifically reserved for Board decision-making, the authority delegated to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the accountability of the CEO for that authority, and guidance on the management of the relationship between the Board and the CEO (Board and CEO Relationship); and C. the boundaries on CEO action (CEO Limits). Compliance with corporate governance BHP Billiton complies with the governance standards in our home jurisdictions of Australia and the UK, and with the governance requirements that apply to us as a result of our New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) listing and our registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the US. There are summarised in the Corporate Governance Statement, the Remuneration Report, the Directors’ Report and the financial statements. Business principles and values The implementation of the Group’s strategy and our ongoing performance depends on the quality and motivation of our people. Our purpose is to create long-term shareholder value through the discovery, acquisition, development and marketing of natural resources. Our strategy is to own and operate large, low-cost, expandable, upstream assets diversified by commodity, geography and market. Our focus on the safety and health of our workforce, our fundamental drive for sustainability across all our business operations, our concern for the environment and communities within which we work, and our management of operational risks are reflected through our remuneration policy and structures. Board and committee structure The Board will always have a majority of Directors who are non-executive and are judged by the Board to be independent of judgement and character and free of material relationships with the Group and other entities and people that might influence or would be perceived by shareholders to influence such judgement. The Board will have the balance of non-executive and executive Directors that is effective for the promotion of shareholder interests and the governance of the Group. The

Intuit case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intuit - Case Study Example Through consumer research, intuit is able to understand the particular customer needs, launch improved products and predict future trends in terms of needs of financial products. Having successfully beaten Microsoft in the market for financial software and solutions, this is the time for intuit to further focus on unveiling products which answer the needs of every customer. It becomes the giant in the market this could lead to complacency and relaxation with a net effect of losing its trust among customers. Such tendency among market giants gives way for emerging companies to avail better products and take a share of the market with significant impacts. As such therefore anything could go wrong and for intuit to avoid such a turn of events they should focus more on market research, segmentation and unveiling products for the specific customer segments. The company has extended its product profile to cover also solutions for mobile devices and this expected to lure younger customers to acquire financial solutions. Carrying out successful consumer studies among these young customers requires the company to understand their behavior perfectly. Young consumer would typically share their ideas and opinions on social media thus the company should capitalize on social media channels in trying to gauge research results among this generation of

Music affect the growth of a plant Essay Example for Free

Music affect the growth of a plant Essay Plant growth is the development of seeds of a plant, which might be surrounded by a protective and nutrient rich layer called the fruit, into plant tissue that includes roots, leaves, and the stem (along with all the cells and other things that this tissue is composed of) to create a fully functioning, living, multi-cellular, eukaryotic organism that lacks the ability to move (a plant). Their growth is affected by several factors that include soil moisture, soil pH, sunlight, nitrogen-content of the soil and more. If some these factors are affected in negative ways, then there can be some negative outcomes on the plant itself which could include death. Music might also be one of these affecting factors. In this experiment, two very young plants (pinto bean sprouts Phaseolus vulgaris) will be planted at the same time and will have the same amount of everything; from sunlight to the amount of water they get daily. After they have grown a little and the stem has begun to emerge from within the cotyledons of the bean, they are then separated, and one plant sits in the peace and quiet as a control while the other is subjected to some serious loud music. If conditions are right, the music should stimulate the plants growth. Hypothesis If a pinto bean sprout (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant is grown in a quiet area and another pinto bean sprout is grown in an area with loud music playing, the plant in the area with music will grow to be much larger. The amount of growth will be measured with a metric ruler in centimeters Variables Independent Variables: Temperature, Light, Water: These three factors are equally distributed among both plants, so only variable that would affect plant growth is the music played. Type of Plant and soil: same type of bean sprout used for both plants as to ensure that there are no other variables other than the music being played for the plant along with the same type of garden soil Dependent Variables: The height of both plants after a day of one plant being exposed to silence and the other to music. Control of Variables: 1. Get to pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to be grown that are identical to ensure no other affecting variables in this experiment other than the music being played. 2. Expose both plants to identical conditions of moisture, temperature, sunlight and have both of them grow in the same type of garden soil and they will be grown in containers with the same size as well. 3. For the plant being exposed to music, the same album is played over and over so the type of music is consistent. Materials and Method Materials 2 pinto bean sprouts (Phaseolus vulgaris) 180 ml of water 2 plant pots top opening is 4 inch diamter 2x 500g of garden soil 500 watt stereo Metric Ruler Linkin Park Album Hybrid Theory 100 ml graduated cylinder Method and Procedure 1. Take the 2 plant pots and fill them each with 500 g of garden soil 2. Then, take a pinto bean and plant it in each of the pots; plant each bean so that it is just barely submerged under the soil. 3. Then, take each pot to a different location, but a location in which both plants will be exposed to the same amount of sunlight, heat, etc 4. Then, just leave one plant in the serenity of its surroundings (its the control) and place the 500 watt stereo next to the other plant. Put the CD into the stereo and have the stereo play at about three-fourths its full volume and have it play next to the plant and have it play for a minimum of 7 hours next to the plant. Look at the diagram below for more information. 5. At noon give both plants 30 ml of water using the graduated cylinder. Do this again at 6 p. m. 6. The next day, note your observations and record your findings in a table. 7. Then feed the plants again and play the music for at least 7 hours and record the observations once more the next day. SETUP Data Collection and Evaluation Table: The effect of music on plant growth Day Plant without Music Plant with Music 1 The plant had sprouted and a small stem began to appear- 2 cm in length The plant had also sprouted and a stem larger than that of the other plants appeared- about 2. 47 cm 2 The plant continued to grow and the stem had reached a height of approximately 3. 22 cm. The plants stem also continued to grow but the stem had now reached a height of about 3. 85 cm Data Evaluation From the numbers and observations presented in the above data, that as time passed and the plants were closely monitored, the plant that had the music playing seemed to grow a lot more than the plant that grew in the quiet and serene environment; the quiet plant ended with a height of 3. 22 cm while the plant with music ended with a height of about 3. 85 cm. Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion. In the above data, it is deciphered that plants that grow with music grow much more than plants that grow in a quieter environment. This all has to do with the fact that different factors affect or stimulate plants, and sound is one of them. And, from the data, sound is a positive stimuli as it increased plant growth in one of the plants. This verifies the hypothesis and, since there are other results on the internet as well to verify that music really does stimulate plants, the results are plausible and reliable. Limitations Not everything can go according to plan or as hoped and so these errors that occurred during the experiment provide a basis from which the experiment can be proved: 1. There was only one trial instead of several and the experiment in this one trial was over a 48 hour period and it should have been longer so that the true comparison of the difference between a plant grown with music and a plant grown without music can be easily made. 2. Only one type of music (rock) was used and so it is now unknown whether different kinds of music and sound also act as a different stimulus for the plant. Suggestions for Improvement To create a much better and more reliable experiment, the experiment should be carried on for about a 4 day period in order to acquire more results than can show the differences between plants with and without music. Then, there should be at least 3 different plants; one control, one with a type of music, and another with a different type of music. This then will help to go deeper and explore this stimulus of sound toward plants on different levels. This entire experiment should then be at least repeated one more time to ensure plausible results. Bibliography http://forums. gardenweb. com/forums/load/teach/msg0113244514471. html? /teach/msg0113244514471. html http://www. sproutnet. com/toc. htm http://www. gcagators. org/Activities/fair/jason/analysis. htm.

Procurement Issues in Construction

Procurement Issues in Construction We refer to your management in taking the opportunity to rebuild three of the Cinnamon Grand hotels in South East of the UK, to a better quality and facilities than before they were destroyed by the bad weather and storm. The rebuild hotels are requiring being in line with the clients policy on architectural significance and aesthetics of the building. The quality of the building is thus a major factor to be considered. As the hotels are situated in the prime location, construction is proved to be a challenge in terms of time factor and accessibility of work. In phase 1, the completion date is critical as the building require to handover by 28th February 2015 and the operation of the hotels for roofs, guest rooms, restaurant, and swimming pools will be made possible. Time is an essence and a procurement route of saving overall design and construction time is priority. Time saving will enable the client to operate the business on time or earlier, therefore reducing the time of closing down business. The planned construction start date at the site is 1st March 2014, and the planned reopening date is schedule on 1st April 2015. Hence, the actual construction period is last than a year. In phase 2, new facilities such as dance studios, health and fitness centre, conference and meeting rooms will be constructed for the enhancement of the health and well-being of the hotel visitors. The Interfacing works such as the integration of the services from phase 1 to phase 2, and the new construction works for phase 2, while the hotels is in operation requires good controls and management skills for the complexity of the work. In consideration of some of the very important points of the above, we have looked into carefully on selecting the most appropriate route to achieve the time, quality and cost of project success. Analysis of the key procurement issues When selecting the procurement routes, the following key issues are considered; Factors outside the control of the project team. Client resources Cost issues Project characteristics. Quality and performance Risk management The need to accommodate changes, variation. Time The client has managed to obtain a substantial finance so as to ensure that the dignity of the building and the services are not compromised from the reconstruction. Hence, the reconstruction quality of the building will not be hinder by much financial difficulty, but the project will have to work strictly within the budget require, to prevent cost over run. The client despite been in the market for their experienced at renovation of buildings, do not have an in-house executive who is either experience enough or is able to devote his time for this project. Therefore, it is important to choose a procurement route to avoid the risk and at the same time with the experience of client and their contact, select those contractors whom have the expertise of working with them previously. This will also help in resolving of quality and design issues. As Cinnamon is highly concerned about project delays and overrun of cost, price certainty at the outset is of great important. Procurement route which enable the client to know the total financial commitment of the project early will provide the solution to this matter. The procurement route can also have guaranteed maximum price to affirm to this. Time and cost is of most important because of the opening of the hotels for business. The selected procurement route must be able to reduce the time for design and construction. This can be done by selecting a procurement route that enables the design and construction to perform concurrently. Thereby, shorten the overall project duration. Shortening the period of project completion allows the client to operate the hotels and back to business at an earlier date. As the clients requirement in terms of architectural and aesthetics of the building to be in line with their policy, and also to improve on the quality, facilities of the new buildings, it will be advisable to consider procurement route that is able to take care of the quality and performance aspect as well. Procurement route that allows the client to choose and appoint a contractor with architectural merits or director is an architect would be a plus for considerations. There is no correlation between procurement method and perceived quality of product. Due to the unavailability of an experience in-house execute form the client; risk allocation to the contractor for the selected procurement route is most important. However, this method of procurement may compromise the risk of the design and quality of the project. Therefore, in order to overcome this setback, selecting of a procurement method that conforms to the sets of employer or clients requirement is necessary and will help in a one way or another. As the client is use to dealing with construction of hotels, and assuming that the new hotels that are to be built will have most of the base designs from the previously built hotels in place, or having little difference , therefore changes in design may not be significant . The short construction duration may also not allow for many changes, as the client will also have to balance between the desire to changes with the earlier time of project completion for business. Most the time the choice of to be back in business earlier or in time will rule out any desire to changes. In phase 1, the completion of the key areas in the hotel such as roofs, guest rooms, restaurant and swimming pools is essential for the operation of the hotels . The timing from the start date on site to the completion of phase 1 is approximately one year which is a very short period. Hence, a selected procure to reduce the project time is critical, if possible start earlier on the construction stage. This can be done by the procurement route which allows the construction stage to be overlapping with the design stage, where both design and construction of the project progress concurrently. In the phase 2, in order for the hotels to enhance the opportunities for health and well- being of the visitors, the new facilities of dance studios, health and fitness centre , conference and meeting rooms is to be built. Here complexity is an important issue due to the incorporating of the high technology multimedia facilities with air-conditioning. The selected procurement route may need to be b ase on the employers requirement which has been incorporated with the name of the specialists. This is one solution of resolving the technical complexity of the project. Appraisal of the procurement routes and selection criteria The design and build procurement route will enable the project to be responsible by solely one contractor whom has the control of the design and the construction process in his ability. A single point of responsibility for design and construction in this aspect is to cover the clients shortfall of an in-house executive who is either experience enough or is able to devote his time to advise on the reconstruction of their properties. As for the Traditional route, the client firm out the whole design with his consultants before construction process begins. The contract is administered by the contract administrator who is normally the clients consultants. It is advantage if the client is experienced and dedicate his/her time in firming out the design with his/her consultants , which is not the case here. Likewise with the Management Contracting route, an inexperienced client or full time client will not be suitable as well. In the DB procurement route, with the whole packaged of design and construction is responsible by a single contractor, therefore the lump sum contract price of the construction can be firmed up easily on the outset which is required by the client for early cost certainty and avoiding of project cost overruns and delays. Time is an essence in the project, the undertaking of the design and construction by a single contractor will also enable to reduce the overall project duration in comparing to the traditional procurement route and most of the risk is with the contractor. Design and construction can be concurrently in progress unlike the traditional procurement which is consecutive in its method and has a longer overall project time and construction may start early as the design work proceed in parallel. Shortening of project time means also to reduce the business downtime. On the whole, time and cost saving of project as compare to traditional procurement route. In the traditional procurement route, the process of procurement is sequential where there is no concurrency. That is, in the preparation stage which is selecting and engaging the consultants to do the Design Brief, follow with the actual design development. Upon confirming the design, the pre-construction stage will kick in to prepare and awarding of the tender. The actual construction stage will only starts after the all the earlier mentioned stages completed and the process of procurement in the preparation, design and pre-construction is lengthy and the overall construction programme duration is being stretch longer. This route will not be appropriate for this project, as the priority of the project should be given for rapid construction which enables the hotels to be opened for business at a specified date. In the traditional procurement route, the design is completed before the contractors is appointed and therefore the design risk is bear by the client. Any requirement by the clients policy in terms of its architectural significance and aesthetic requirement, design and build procurement will allow the client to confirm his design during the preparation and design stage and reducing its cost on the design and changes which may happens in the other procurement route such as construction management when the client has to work with too many parties and design changes may be too many from time to time while the construction is in progress ,thus resulting in too much additional cost and time spent on the whole. The clients direct controls of the project and his involvement in every item have exposed him to a higher risk than the other procurement route, which the clients have had problems with as they have not appreciate the risk associated with control. The overall duration of the project of such procurement route may become longer and no price certainty can be achieved at the outset. In the design and build procurement route, the contractor will be the one developing the design and this will somehow have a high design risk imposed on the project. Therefore, in order to mitigate the problem, the develop and construct procurement route can be used. In this case, the client prepares the clients requirements documents and contractors tender with their proposals and the wining contractors will be appointed with the design content including estimated cost of the project..In this case the appointed contractor then completes and constructs base on the design. The novation of initial design team is required and thus reduces the risk of the design. The relationship between the risk of the client and the contractors can be understood for the tabulation of the Typical Risk Distribution. Proposed procourement From the analysis of the few types of procurement above, design and build type shall the most appropriate in terms of the clients requirement and the overall project characteristic. Design and build procurement route is a single point contact and responsibility that fits perfectly for his lack of resources in terms of experience key person to be full time for the project and the risk of the project can be solely with the contractors. There is a provision in the Contractors Design 81 for the client to nominate an Employers agent whom can be an independent architect acting on behalf of the client and protect his interest that take care of this shortfall. The designs liability by the contracted can be extended to include fitness for purpose, which is a great advantage for the client to exercise. The shortening of project duration from using this method of procurement will also enable the project to complete in time or earlier, thus allowing the hotels to be back in business earlier and the return of investment earlier. The client can also directly and easily communicates with the contractors for his needs. The client has decided to obtain finance of estimated at  £120 million shows that there is a fixed budgeted amount for the project. The nature of the damage of the buildings significantly varies and the amount demolition work may not be certain prior to assessment. The contractor in the design and build procurement route can undertake and be a single point of responsibility for this, therefore, providing price certainty of the project at the outset. The integration of the designers and builders produces a more economic building, likewise is the production process. Buildability is also an advantage in this procurement as the contractors involves in the design at an earlier stage. The nature of design and build procurement route will require the client to make changes at their expense of cost incurred, and careful consideration the short duration of the project and cost budget, allowing for changes becomes less important. The experienced of the client at renovation of buildings will has his network with his pool of consultants, architect, contractors, and hence the client can appoints his consultants to develop the design and novate to the contractors that is awarded for the project. This inherent flexibility is a plus point for this procurement method. In this way, the client is able to adhere and be in line with his policy on the architectural significant and aesthetics of the building. However there is no design overview before consultant is appointed, but this small drawback can easily be resolved by engaging the consultant earlier. This can also overcome the difficulty of the client to prepare adequate brief. The design and build contractor proprietary may lack the aesthetics appeal, the client is able to see the examples of the products when his proposal are being made. The client is able to visualise their needs more readily in three dimensions by moving with and sampling an actual building, then by the study the drawings and specifications. As the client are very established in the markets, the contractors may have work with them before, examining and experiencing some of their pass projects may be more easily gauge on the quality to be built. Conclusion Design and build is an appropriate procurement route for project requires a shorter time frame with priority on cost certainty. The contractors single point responsibility undertakes the risk for the client while at the same time protecting the interest which is favored by most clients. The design brief must be earlier and well prepared to ensure the clients requirement is fully captured with a good design is done. For commercial projects, time and cost is of most important as it means return of investment or business opportunity, to have also the quality and design not compromising in this case is highly commendable in the sense. Other procurement routes may be suitable for projects with different requirements and characteristics on a case to case basis, however design and build is seems to be utmost suitable in this case.

Synthetic Oil Has Four Main Purposes Engineering Essay

Synthetic Oil Has Four Main Purposes Engineering Essay Graphite grease is used to lubricate in high temperature environments. Graphite can dissipate more heat than some other lubricants. For example, graphite grease can often handle more heat than natural bearing grease. Graphite grease is often used on linkages as it can stick to them and will not evaporate like oils do. This lubricates both surfaces and reduces the amount of energy needed to move them. Cutting fluid is used in cutting machinery to keep the cutting tool and the item being milled at a stable temperature, prevent rust forming on the item being milled or the cutting tool, to prolong the life of the cutting head by lubricating the cutting edge and prevent tip welding and to clean away shards of metal caused by the milling of the metal. CNC routers use cutting fluid pumped to the cutting head from a reservoir of cutting fluid. This cutting fluid is usually an oil-water emulsion. The cutting fluid is applied directly at the point of cutting to reduce and keep the temperature of the cutting area stable which is critical when working to small tolerances. The addition of the cutting fluid provides lubrication which in turn lowers the amount of heat generated at the working edge reducing thermal expansion and allowing for a more accurate cut. The reduction in friction also reduces tip welding to the milled part. The application of the cutting fluid coats the head of both the cutting tool and milling area to prevent oxidisation of the new surface being milled and the new surface of the cutting head caused by the wear of the cutting process prolonging the life of the cutting head. The flow of cutting fluid across the cutting surface removes the metal swarf from the area creating a better quality finish to the milled part. These metal shards get removed from the cutting fluid before it gets back to the reservoir by a strainer. This prevents damage to the fluid pump and contamination of the cutting fluid heading back to the milling surface. http://media.insidewoodworking.com/cnc-milling-machine-a1.jpg Question 2 Engine of a family car In a combustion engine of a family car, where the oil is kept is called the sump. This is where the oil pump takes the oil from to distribute it around the engine. The oil then passes through a filter to remove dirt particles from the oil before it gets to the vital parts of the engine. The oil gets distributed around the engine through oil galleries. These oil galleries have spurt holes in them which direct oil to the parts where it is needed such as cylinders and bearings. To maintain this system oil and filter change must be done when the manufacture recommends. To do this you need a new filter, around 4 litters of the correct grade of oil and a new sump plug seal. To start you need to get the engine oil warm to make it thinner. To do this you need to take the car for a drive and get it up to operating temperature. Once it is up to temperatures place it on level ground with the handbrake on and in gear, and jack the front of the vehicle up so you have access to the sump plug. Get a container for the oil to pour in to and undo the sump plug. Once removed, check the magnet on the end of the sump plug for excessive and large chunks of metal which is a sign of engine wear. While the old oil is being drained off remove the oil filter being careful not to spill the oil that will still be in it. To fit a new filter, make sure that a smear of oil is placed around the rubber seal to get a better seal and then screw on until tight. Replace the sump plug gasket and screw the sump plug back into the sump, nipping up with the appropriate tool. Then start filling the engine up with the new oil checking the level on the dipstick. When the oil level reaches in between the two notches it is safe to start the engine and bring it up to temperature. Once it has been run check for oil leaks and the oil level. Positive displacement air compressor The lubrication system of an air compressor uses the dip and splash method. This consists of a hook cast of bolted in to the crankshaft which dips the hook into oil in the sump and brings it back out again causing it to splash oil around the inside of the engine. This system is used because it is cheep and easy to maintain. To maintain the system it is simply a process of undoing the sump plug, letting the oil drain out, putting the sump plug back in and filling up with oil. This system does not have an oil filter and pipe work which is the reason why it is cheep and easy to maintain. http://www.dansmc.com/splash_lube2.jpg Multi-head machining centre Machining centres use multiple lubrication heads and nozzles to get different types of lubrication effects i.e mist and flood. A pump takes pre mixed cutting fluid from a reservoir through a filter to a nozzle which delivers it to the cutting surface. Excess cutting fluid then runs away from cutting area and into an oil catch. At the bottom of this oil catch is a strainer which takes out metal shavings and debris from the cutting fluid that the fluid removed from the milling area. The cutting fluid then falls back to the oil reservoir where it becomes ready to use again. To maintain this system the cutting fluid needs to be renewed as over time it degrades and bacteria colonize within it making it smell and hence becomes a health hazard. Cutting fluid must be disposed of in the correct way because if it is disposed of incorrectly it is harmful to the environment. The reservoir, piping and pump must be cleaned out with disinfectant to kill off the bacterial colonies. The reservoir mus t then be topped up with the correct mixture of cutting oil and water. Question 3 An engine in a red bull air race series plane is subjected to extreme g-force and inversions. For the engine to remain lubricated at all times they cannot use a conventional wet sump due to the inversions that the planes do throughout the course. To combat this they use a dry sump in which the oil is stored in an oil tank, not at the bottom of the engine in an open sump. This oil tank can be any size the manufacturer would like and can be placed anywhere on the aircraft. The oil is collected by a flop tube so the oil can be collected under any amount of g-force or inversion to maintain oil pressure through out the flight. The oil is pumped from the storage tank through oil galleys and spurt holes to lubricate the engines vital parts such as the cylinders, crankshaft and camshafts. The oil then falls to the base of the engine like it does in a wet sump system. The oil collects in an oil pan at the base of the engine and is then pumped to the oil storage tank via an oil cooler. The pum p used for this is a special pump called a scavenger pump which has to be more tolerant of entrained gasses than a standard pressure pump as it will not be constantly sucking oil due to the small amount being used in the engine. This maintains the least amount of oil in the engine at all times. A dry sump system is used in acrobatic planes for a number of reasons. If a conventional wet sump system was used during inversions and changes from positive to negative g-force the oil from the sump would flood the engine causing the engine to cut out and leaving the pilot of the aircraft in difficulties. Changes in direction on the long banked curves found on the red bull air race courses would cause the oil to move to one side of the sump in a wet sump system potentially starving the oil pump causing a drop in oil pressure increasing the risk of serious wear on the engine which could cause engine failure over time. A benefit of using a dry sump is that the engine can be mounted lower down in the aircraft due to not having a deep sump pan so the weight can be kept lower down helping with aerodynamic stability. Another benefit of using this method of lubrication is that the crank shaft cannot become immersed in oil which would reduce the power generated by the engine. This not only makes the plane safer due to there being no risk of fluctuation in power but also means more power can be developed from smaller engines, in some cases up to 15bhp. Overall the dry sump system is vital to the operation of acrobatic aircraft because without it, it would not be able to perform the stunts and acrobatic manoeuvres required in the red bull air race system.

Communism vs Fascism Essay -- Communism Essays

The definition of communism is â€Å" a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.† The definition of fascism is â€Å"A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.† Communism and Fascism are both forms of Totalitarianism, which is when the ruler has complete power over everyone. There is a fine line between the differences of Communism and Fascism, however these next three articles prove that there is a line and there is no gray space. People are either one side or the other, there is no in between, the goals and secular leading may be the same but the inner workings differ by a lot, Krupskaya, M ussolini, and Hitler explain the differences in their following articles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Krupskaya’s was a communist and her article What a Communist Ought to be Like describes the standards, mind set, back ground, and just an overall idea of what communists are like. She sum’s up her article at the end of the paper which gives the main idea of what the whole article is on â€Å" Thus, in order to be a communist: (1) it is necessary to know what is bad about the capitalist system, where social development is h...

Effects of Catalase Over-expression on Aging :: Biology Age

Introduction What exactly causes the infirmities of old age? According to the free-radical theory of aging, oxidative damage caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species) is the main culprit. This paper focuses on a study that partly supports this theory by showing that murine life span can be extended by an overexpression of human catalase in mitochondria. The specific paper that this is based on is Extension of Murine Life Span by Overexpression of Catalase Targeted to Mitochondria by Samuel E. Schriner et al. Another paper that was used in the construction of this paper is The Anti-Aging Sweepstakes: Catalase Runs for the ROSes by Richard A. Miller. These scientific papers are summaries of the experiments carried out by Schriner and his group dealing with the topic of catalase-overexpression and its effect on murine lifespan. However, it is important to remember that this is a topic still under much debate. Though these experiments do not provide us with a definat cureall for aging, it is believed by many that the data aquired from them point us to one of the major culprits of aging and age related diseases, ROS's. Why the fuss over R.O.S.? Attempts to prolong longevity have been a major endeavor in science and several hypotheses have been proposed about the major causes. Scientists have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species in longevity through investigations using mice models. Reactive oxygen species’ role in aging processes is also known as the free radical theory of aging. Scientists have found that reactive oxygen species attack molecules of biological systems and are the main cause for the functional decline of organ systems that lead to eventual death. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the role of reaction oxygen species using transgenic mouse models. Specifically, the purpose of these experiments are to determine if minimizing the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in certain organelles in mice have any effect on the overall health and lifespan of the mouse. The hypothesis was tested by amplifying a certain gene in mouse DNA that expresses catalase, an enzyme that breaks down the ROS’s. However, prior to beginning the experiments, transgenic mice are necessary for the experimentation. Development of a Transgenic Mouse A transgenic mouse is a mouse that has had a specific gene, in this case the human catalase gene, inserted into its genome.

How the Sonnet Form is Associated with Love and Ardent Expression :: Sonnets Love God Essays

How the Sonnet Form is Associated with Love and Ardent Expression God’s Grandeur is a sonnet associated with the environment and obviously, God. It is an Italian petrarchan sonnet, where there is a noticeable split in the poem which makes up the octave and the sestet. The first four lines of the octave, describes a natural world through which God’s presence runs through like an electric current, becoming at times noticeable is flashes. A metaphor is used to emphasise God’s Grandeur as an electric force. Gerard Hopkins suggest that there is some kind of force not to our attention, which builds up a sort of tension which can be both positive or negative. God’s presence could also be described as a rich oil, which when tapped with a enduring pressure, builds up to a greatness. These comments are stated in the poem, ‘It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil’. It is clear to the reader from this point that the love being expressed here is very much towards God, his presence, and the natural world surrounding us. After the poet, Gerard Hopkins, suggests the fact of God’s presence in the world, he then asks the reader to ask themselves why humans fail to take note of God’s powerful authority. The word ‘rod’ in this poem represents God’s grand authority. The image of electricity also subtlety returns in the fourth line, where the ‘rod’ of God's punishments calls to mind the lightning rod in which excess electricity in the atmosphere will sometimes disappear. The stressed syllables in the fourth line also reinforce to the reader the question which is being asked here by Hopkins. For example, words such as ‘Crushed, why, not’ all contribute to the powerful rhythm, which helps put the question across more efficiently. This all contributes in helping the poet convey such a strong ardent expression, which is needed greatly in order for the full effect of the poem to show. In the next line, the strong, falling rhythm of ‘have trod, have trod, have trod,‘ recreates the sound of marching footsteps in emphatic onomatopoeia. The message here is of what man has done to the environment, God’s environment, by using it over the years for various means of transport. The onomatopoeia and alliteration here helps to put the message across because the tension increases by a large amount, resulting in a more exciting and powerful climax. The word ‘and’ is used often and the start of lines to compound something which is trying to be said. It helps put across the message more efficiently because the same word is being continuously ’drummed’ into the reader ’And all is seared†¦And wears man’s smudge’ etc.

Determining the Concentration of Calcium Carbonate in an Unknown Substance through the Methods of Titration Aim Essay

Determine the concentration of the unknown ethanoic acid solution by titrating with a known concentration of sodium hydroxide Equipment and Materials * Unknown ethanoic acid * 50cm3 burette * 250cm3 Erlenmeyer flask * 100cm3 beaker (for CH3COOH) * 200cm3 beaker (for NaOH) * 100cm3 beaker (for waste) * Standardized sodium hydroxide solution * Burette clamp * Retort stand * Phenolphthalein indicator * 50cm3 graduated cylinder * Distilled water (to rinse the flask) Procedure: To begin with, obtain approximately 200 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Then, set up the retort stand and burette clamp as indicated in the diagram below. Using two 10 cm3 aliquots of the NaOH solution, rinse the burette twice. Next, fill to above the 0.00cm3 mark and drain down to below the 0.00cm3 mark in order to remove any air bubbles. After that, transfer 50 cm3 of the unknown acid into the 250cm3 flask. Into the same flask, place 2 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator. Finally, add sodium hydroxide from the burette until you reach the endpoint. Procedural Notes To accommodate for the sodium hydroxide that splashes to the sides of the flask, distilled water was used. Using the distilled water on the sides of the flask was rinsed down to bring the sodium hydroxide to the rest of the solution in the flask. Also, when dropping a half-drop into the flask, the following procedure was used: First, a half-drop was made at the tip of the burette. Then, using the flask, the half-drop was collected to the flask’s side. Finally, using the distilled water, the half-drop was rinsed down to the rest of the solution. To make it easier to recognize the endpoint of the reaction, a white paper was put under the flask. This way, it was easier to see when the solution changed color. Observation (Data Collection): Quantitative Data Measurements Recorded During the Experiment Trial 1 2 3* 4* Initial Burette Reading (ml?0.02ml) 0.20 0.42 0.10 0.23 Final Burette Reading (ml?0.02ml) 45.70 45.93 45.39 45.30 Volume of Ethanoic Acid Used (ml?0.04ml) 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 *To increase the results, trial 3 and 4 was taken from another group to get more data, thereby increasing the accuracy of the data. Qualitative Data Descriptions of the Substances Used and Produced Sodium Hydroxide Clear solution, low viscosity, slippery Ethanoic acid Clear solution, acidic, Phenolphthalein indicator Clear solution, comes in bottle, add as drops Solution Produced (NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O) Clear/pink throughout, trail 4 was the most successful as it was closest to clear than all other trails. Volume of trial 1 was greatest as a lot of water was used in order to wash down the sodium hydroxide stuck to the side of the flask. Data Analysis The neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid is Sodium Hydroxide + Ethanoic acid –> Sodium Ehthanoate + Water Therefore, the molar ratio is 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to 1 mole of ethanoic acid. Sodium hydroxide is known to have a concentration of 1.003 mol dm-3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.004 mol dm-3. Consequently, the following represents the calculations to determine the concentration of ethanoic acid in trial 1: Using similar calculations, the concentration of ethanoic acid for trials 2,3, and 4 were calculated as well. The following table represents the results. Results for the calculations of the concentration of ethanoic acid used in each trial Trial Concentration of CH3COOH / mol dm-3 CH3COOH Uncertainties / % 1 0.913 1.3 2 0.913 1.3 3 0.909 1.3 4 0.904 1.3 Average 0.910 1.3 Conclusion: In conclusion, the result of this lab indicates that the concentration of CH3COOH is 0.910 mol dm-3. Using this value, and the actual value of ethnoic acid, 0.9190 mol dm-3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.0004 mol dm-3, percent error was calculated as follows: With this, we see that the percent of uncertainties is greater than the percent error. The percent of uncertainties represents the random errors, in which the measured value can either be bigger or smaller than the accepted value, due to an imprecise measurement. To improve these random errors, it is necessary to use more precise equipment and/or repeat measurements. One example of this would be to use a pipette instead of a graduated cylinder, especially because ?0.4 cm3 is a relatively large uncertainty. Consequently, the use of such equipment led to the percent of uncertainties being greater than the percent error. This means that the random errors cover for the errors in this lab. However, there are a couple potential systematic errors that should be appointed in this lab. The biggest one would be that it is hard to get to the endpoint, where the solution is barely pink. In all trials, the solution became clear pink. However, it was only in trial 4 that the solution was truly ambiguous to whether it was slightly pink. The difficulty of getting to this ambiguous clear pink is definitely a systematic error as it always leads to a larger volume of sodium hydroxide used to react. One way to improve this may be to perform the lab in a longer time span. When I performed the lab, I felt pressured to get a sufficient amount of trials done within the class period. By stretching the time span of the lab, it may be possible to take more time and get better quality results. A more realistic improvement may be to record measurements more frequently when approaching the endpoint. This would give us two measurements that the endpoint lies within, helping us estimate where the endpoint actually is. However, improving this error would lead to a smaller volume of sodium hydroxide, a smaller value for the concentration of ethanoic acid, which would make the observed value further from the true value. Another systematic error in this lab is the sodium hydroxide splashing to the sides of the flask. Although using water to rinse the sodium hydroxide down was aimed to cover this, another way to improve this may be to use equipment with a wider mouth, such as a beaker, instead of a flask. Once again, improving this error would lead to a greater percent error for the same reasons as the difficulty of getting an ambiguous pink color. Next, although it most likely did not affect the results in this lab, there is a question to whether rinsing the burette two times is sufficient. To improve this, it may be suggested that rinsing the burette 4 times is more sensible, even though it is time consuming. A final systematic error comes when transferring the ethanoic acid from the graduated cylinder. When this happens, some of the ethanoic acid may be retained in the graduated cylinder. This is a systematic error as this always leads to a smaller volume of ethanoic acid than measured. To improve this error, one may pour a tiny bit more than 50 ml of ethanoic acid, and measure that as 50 ml of ethanoic acid. Improving this error leads to a larger volume of ethanoic acid, a lower concentration of ethanoic acid, and once again, an increase in percent error. All in all, it is very interesting how knowing the amount of one substance can help determine the amount of another substance, although it is a topic that appears frequently in chemistry. In this case, knowing the number of moles of sodium hydroxide enabled us to know the concentration of the ethanoic acid. Furthermore, this lab helps one enhance their knowledge on the difficulty of setting up a lab. By reviewing and understanding the errors to a lab, one can relate the improvements to future labs. In a nutshell, this lab exemplified the process of titration, and how useful it can be.

Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Health And Social Care Essay

The chief aim in this survey was to mensurate the quality of life ( QOL ) among the patients with diagnostic articulatio genus degenerative arthritis ( OA ) who go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic. Other than that, this survey besides would wish to happen out the association between socio-demographic and medical position of patients with knee OA and their quality of life. The survey aims should be specific, mensurable, accurate, dependable and seasonableness. In this survey, the aims were mentioned that the QOL is being measured specifically on patients with a certain type of arthritis. The QOL was measured by utilizing 36SF which had been validated in old survey ( Kosinski, 1999 ) . The survey was able to carry on from1st September 2003 boulder clay 30th April 2004. Therefore, this survey aims were suitably defined.3. Theory usedThere is no theory been mentioned in the survey. In this survey, the writers may utilize the quality of life theory. The theory is based on development towards felicity. In other words is, it is the ‘true being ‘ on the construct of human demands. The theory explains that if worlds take more duty for their ain life, they implement the good qualities into usage ; they will go free, happy, powerful and healthy. This is besides known as Maslow ‘s construct of self-actualization. It plays an of import map in mod ern medical specialty particularly in understanding the personal development holding chronic diseases..4. HypothesisIn this survey, there was no mentioning of any hypothesis. However, the void hypothesis that can be suggested is that ‘Patient with articulatio genus OA go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic has good quality of life in both physical and mental constituent ‘ , wheares the alternate hypothesis could be written as ‘Patient with articulatio genus OA go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic has hapless quality of life in both physical and mental constituent ‘ .5. Research designThis correlational design cross-sectional survey which was carried out from the 1st September 2003 boulder clay 30th April 2004. This survey qualifies as correlational because the informations collected provide themselves merely to readings about the grade of QOL to which the variables are related to each other. It would merely state us that ther e is a relationship between the OA conditions with HRQOT.6. Sampling methodThe sampling method used was claimed as cosmopolitan sampling, in which all patients with symptoms of articulatio genus OA who attended two different authorities wellness clinics in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia were taken as sample. In position of the little graduated table survey which merely involved two authorities clinics, the entire patient with OA is besides little. To make a random trying would non be contributing in this instance.7. SampleThrough out the eight months of informations aggregation, merely 213 patients with OA were been registered. The inclusion standards that was laid out – in which all 50 old ages old and above patients that were sing the outpatient authorities wellness clinic, would be the participants. However, the exclusions standards was besides laid that those who were illiterate, who were unable to reply the questionnaire, who needed infirmary admittance, and those who n eeded or those with stationariness or abnormalcy of the lower limb. With the inclusion and exclusion standards, the survey managed to hold 151 participants finishing the questionnaire. In this survey, there was no adverting on how the minimal sample size computation was done. However, for the 1s that were unable to gauge that correlativity, the research workers may be able to utilize a simple comparing of the two proportions as a trial for the footing of gauging the sample size. Using PASS 2000 package, the computation of sample size is- if the proportions of the 2 groups in this survey were expected to be 0.20 and 0.35 ( ? = .05 ; & A ; szlig ; = .20 [ 80 % power ] ) , the minimal sample size of 275 participants is needed ( Delucchi, 2004 ) .8. Technique of informations aggregationTechniques in data-collection allow consistently aggregation of information about objects of survey and the scenes which they occur. In this survey, informations on the medical features and socio-demograp hic of the participants were recorded but did non mentioned where they were recorded. The SF-36 signifier Malay linguistic communication version was either self-administered by the participants or being led face-to-face by an interviewer. Any respondents by household members or friends to the SF-36 signifier were non entertained. It participants unable to understand the questionnaire, the research worker would merely re-read the inquiries. The participants would reply the inquiry harmonizing to their apprehension. Administering written questionnaire is a less expensive informations aggregation technique and it can cut down prejudices due to give voicing inquiry otherwise by different respondents. It gives namelessness to the respondents and permits more honorable response. However, inquiries may be misunderstood by the respondents and every bit mentioned in the survey merely the literates were chosen as participants.9. Measure/instrumentsIn this survey, SF-36 was used to mensurate t he HRQOL. It is a 36-item instrument designed to measure basic wellness constructs. It is relevant to be used across disease, age and intervention groups. It has been validated and a dependable generic instrument that has been used comprehensively to mensurate HRQOL. The Malay version of SF-36 had been translated and validated. It was used in the Malayan National Quality of Life Survey 2000. It measured eight spheres which consisted of physical operation ( PF ) , role-physical ( RP ) , bodily hurting ( BP ) , general wellness ( GH ) , vitality/energy ( VT ) , societal operation ( SF ) , function emotional ( RE ) and mental wellness ( MH ) . The tonss on each sphere ranged from 0 ( lower limit ) to 100 ( upper limit ) . The higher the tonss, indicates the wellness constituents to be better. Since this instruments has been validated and been used in assorted surveies, it is appropriate to utilize it in this survey.10. FindingssThe survey showed that taken as a whole mean tonss were su pra 50.00 in all facets of QOL. There was comparatively lower mark in the spheres related to the physical wellness position as compared to the mental wellness position. The research workers besides run other analysis with the available informations and found that: a. a important negative correlativity between PF and age b. the males had better mark in bulk of the QOL facets, peculiarly in the PF c. patients with no formal instruction scored better in mental wellness constituent particularly in VT and RE. d. patients with co-morbidities shown to hit less than those without co-morbidity in most of the QOL domains particularly in SF. e. The continuance of articulatio genus hurting is negatively correlated with all the QOL facets except RE, and it besides showed to be significantly negative correlated with the RP sphere. f. patients with higher BMI scored lower QOL in SF. g. PF tonss was significantly association with age and gender. h. VT and RE tonss were important association with instruction degrees. Basically, the research workers would wish to reply to the aims that to mensurate the QOL among the patients with diagnostic articulatio genuss OA who go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic and it showed that the average mark of all the facets of QOL that being studied was above 50.00. Research workers besides had find out some dealingss between the ‘patients with articulatio genus OA ‘ , their socio-demographic and medical position and their quality of life. However, the associations were non portrayed in a table signifier so that the reader would hold a better perceptual experience on the vicarship analysis findings.11. DecisionThe decision in this survey answered the aim of the survey indirectly. It should province that the average mark of all the sphere in QOL was above 50.00 and may advert that the patients had comparatively hapless quality of life in the physical wellness constituents but less on the mental wellness. The research workers mentioned tw o of import forecasters of hapless PF in patient with articulatio genus OA which is female gender and older age, but did non demo how the forecasters were established. The research workers besides claimed that higher BMI patients suffered more hurting – which merely show relationship.12. InterpretationThe reading of informations was non clearly showed in this survey. The statistical analysis method mentioned was appropriate harmonizing to the variables and the aims. However, it is hard to construe the information when the overall bivariate analysis findings were non shown in the literature. The research workers merely mentioned the important findings.13. RestrictionThis survey was carried out to the patient with articulatio genus OA who attended the authorities wellness clinic. Therefore, it can non be inferred to the general population. This is besides suggested by the research workers that a big graduated table community based survey should be conducted to understand more Q OL factors impacting OA patients. The questionnaire was in Malay linguistic communication merely. This is bias towards other patient in different ethnicity. There should be validated multiple linguistic communications questionnaires to be used in this survey. By utilizing questionnaire as instrument of the survey, it had limited the participants to the literates. It would be appropriate to used mix technique to garner more diverse informations.14. Ethical considerationIn this survey, there is no mentioning of consent taken from the patients either verbal or written consent. The research workers of this survey may hold asked for consent but non mentioned here. Harmonizing to a codification of ethical rules by the American Psychological Association, for research workers who deals with human topics have to guarantee that research workers obtain informed consent from all topics, guarantee that topics are protected from injury and uncomfortableness, guarantee that all experimental informations are treated confidentially a nd eventually, the research workers have to explicate the experiment together with the consequences of the survey to the topics.15. Strengths of the Study15.1 Correlational designThe major advantage of this design is that it is typically easy to carry on. This is because it gives associations between studied variables and may propose the possibility of cause. If the two variables are causally related, they must be correlated. So by demoing correlativity, it can be a utile first measure toward showing causing.15.2 Instrument usedThe SF-36 signifier which was used in this survey had been validated and dependable to mensurate HRQOL in diverse groups. Malaysia with 15 other states had participated in interpreting and accommodating SF-36 signifier to analyze HRQOL through the International Quality of Life Assessment Project. Therefore, the findings in the survey can be used to mensurate and compare with surveies done in other states.15.3 The innovator surveyThis is the first published HR QOL survey in patients with diagnostic articulatio genuss OA who attended the authorities wellness clinics done in Malaysia. It can be used as the base of farther surveies spread outing in deepness the QOL in patients with chronic diseases.16. Failing of the Study16.1 Correlational designThe major disadvantage of this design is that it does non give clear input on the existent ground for the associations. It has less control over the variables and the environments and this caused trouble to give alternate accounts. It can non govern out immaterial variables as the causative factors of what is being observed. In this design, when two things are correlated, it does non give chance to straight deduce causing.16.2 Instrument usedAlthough the SF-36 signifier is validated, it is merely in Malay linguistic communication signifier. It had limited the patients that able to take part in this survey.16.3 Unable to deduce findings to the population.The sample size in this survey is unequal for it to be inferred to the population.

Single and Marriage Life

Hellow my dear friends and my honarable teacher, this is farhana yeasmin mumu and thereis my group members,at first/first of all I want to/ wanna introudce them to u†¦. 1. x 2. y 3. z Now um on the point,why we are standing front of you In this room there is we can divided or separate by a margine/line wre the students and our honarable teacher/Lecturer About our Presenetation there is a big picture to get/reach in to the point If I don’t make any mistake we are all the student in this room, still we are leading the single life , which we called bheacelor or unmarried life. who is sitting front of us the madam or teacher he has got a family as his own If I try to make some compirasson or difference between our teacher and me, the daily routine or thes schedule will be focused. Because um single and she has got a family,in that point im responsible just for my self and she has to responsible about lot of things. Its very easy to understand single and married life both are just the period of our life line. After passed the chilldhood we went to the school, collage and complete the graduation, then the getting marrige this subject came in our every single life, as a moral fact. Somebody takes the responsibility emideatly or some body takes it/that lately. Today, a lot of significant number of people are being married and still being single. This has changed their lives and gives differences between one another. In this essay, I’m going to compare and contrast the differences between single people lives and married people lives in lifestyle, companionship, and responsibility. In lifestyle, single people will have much more privacy in their lives. They will not be bothered by anybody at home. Nobody will command them not to sleep late, not to watch telivision too much and so on and so on. Therefore, single people live life freely. They can spend their time with their friends anywhere at anytime they want. In contrast, married people will be bothered with their partners. They have to take care of each other and if they have children things would become a lot more complicated. They can’t live a free lifestyle. They need to get permission from their partners if they want to go out with friends, best friends or whatever you name it. In general, married people are more busy because simply the strong bond between their children and their partners are tangible. Secondly, companionship is another distinct difference between single and married people lives. A husband will depend on his wife, and a wife will depend on her husband. Livelihood will be achieved easily by married people from their partners, parents and from their children. In contrast, single people don’t depend on anybody except their friends and parents. They can’t trust anyone else to share their secrets or to rely on shoulders. However, livelihood can be achieved from their parents and their friends. Lastly, married people are more responsible and busy than single people. They have to manage their money or expenses gently and economically every day. They are also responsible for raising their children and guiding their families in the right manner. Otherwise, they can ruin their lives easily. Married people are also responsible to manage their time for their families. They have to spend their time with their children, husband or wife every day. In contrast, people who still remain single don’t have schedule to look after their children or partners and they are not obligated to guide and/or manage their livings. Therefore, they are much less responsible than married people. There they are; lifestyle, companionship, and responsibility are the 3 main differences between single and married people lives. In my opinion, being a married person is better than being a single person, because we are created by God with partner like Adam and Eve story. Independence * Once you are married, you no longer exist as an independent entity. You might keep your job and your relationship might be excellent, but from your wedding onward you must always think as a husband and wife. The decisions you make affect your future together. The things you buy have an impact on both of your finances. Everything you do must be considered from your husband or wife's point of view. When you are single, you only have to consider your own interests when making decisions, but you are also short the emotional support that makes hard decisions easier to bear. Money * Getting married can have significant monetary benefits, but it also can be quite costly. Married couples receive a tax break and benefit from the ability to pool their financial resources. Mortgage and rent payments are split. Single individuals receive no tax break and must cover their living costs on their own. On the downside for married couples, single people can spend money when and where they see fit without worrying about an angry spouse. Free Time * Being married is a lot like a second job. You have to work at it for it to be successful. Married couples need dedicated time to communicate with one another and help each other with their emotional and physical demands. Because of this, married people usually have less free time to spend hanging out with friends or checking out the latest movie. If you are single, you have more free time but also might find that your free time is not as fun without someone with which to spend it. The Future * One of the core elements of marriage is that in most cases it symbolizes the beginning of a family. Married couples spend more time discussing the future — how to save money, what sort of career choices to make and when to start thinking about children. Married people are more concerned with their future ability to raise their family than many single individuals who do not have to worry about much beyond their monthly expenses. o get married, you will also learn to have more responsibilities as well as learn to be more busy than your single life and step through many sharings between the two of you. there are many differences and similarities in married and single life about responsibilities as well as money and activities. Living a single life can be significantly different from being married. A marriage traditionally marks the beginning of a family; on the other hand, usually being single means that having a different solo life. A single person would have more independence than a married person. The differences between single and married life range from very small to very large, but there are few core contrasts that show the main differences between the two lifestyles. Differences between single and married men. married life will provide a person with emotional support that is such a great help in meeting ups and downs of life . For all the value placed on friendship , friends also have their own lives to care for , and their input in an individual ‘s will always be limited . Besides , as we grow older , we are likely to drift apart from the parental family . Our spouse and children will then serve as a prop , helping us in the difficult moments of our life and sharing our joys . Over the course of my married life , I can remember so many instances when even a brief talk with my husband in the evening relieved my worries . The freedom and carelessness of single life disappear in marriage , but when you begin to care for others , in a happy marriage you are rewarded by enjoying their care in return Single Life and Married Life There is something about marriage that changes everything it starts from when you say I do. When you’re single you have more liberty in the aspect of coming and going with friends, with no worries in the financial aspect of things. Marriage is about respecting each other becoming one versus single life is really about two separate people knowing each other. In the life of a single person everything within the home environment is under the persons own control. Therefore he or she does not have to consider others before making decisions. In addition, the single person has no need to consult anyone else regarding any decisions such as house decoration, holiday dates and locations. Thus there is no need to compromise. Furthermore, everything within their life belongs to a single person. He or she owns his or her life completely and does not need to share any aspect of it with another person. Existence is within his or her own space. Being single is for those you are not ready to take the next step in life. They are still working on themselves. It is not a bad thing. We must all find ourselves first to be able to know who that great person is that we end up sharing the rest of our lives with. When you find yourself, then it is so much easier to find that true person that belongs in your life. Marriage is a great new step one takes in life. It comes to your heart when you take a good look at your life and you realize something is missing. You have never had it to begin with but yet you miss it. Then you realize what the next step in your life is. Finding that person is so much easier when you know who you are first. In married life, Control is compromised through the need to consider a partner's feeling or opinions. Similarly, everything within the married environment has to be shared. Whilst both parties may be able to find some space of his or her own, the majority of the time this will be shared with others.